HYDROMAGNETIC WATER SYSTEMS
Water flowing in the soil is affected by the Earth's natural
magnetic field and has a higher potential than the surrounding
rock. This creates an attractive force, dissolving the limestone
and other mineral salts (mainly calcium and magnesium),
much the same as sugar or salt dissolves in a glass of water.
One has to remember that these minerals play an extremely
important role in the metabolism of all living organisms,
which constitutes the foundation of all biological processes.
The minerals dissolved in soil are subsequently carried
into pipes, installations, & water process equipment.
These metals having in turn a higher potential than water,
attract those minerals which when drawn, see and conglomerate
(crystallize) back into rock-like formation, i.e. "calcite"
("scale"). When the soluble calcium bicarbonate
(CaHCO3), changes to the less hydrated insoluble calcium
carbonate (CaCO3), the result is double harmful sine water
loses these beneficial minerals, and the accumulating sediment
destroys water installations. Because of the overwhelming
negativity of the CO3 component, the Calcium Carbonate molecule
possesses a net negative charge, resulting in a few attractive
forces between it and water (in untreated water there is
always a low concentration of Carbonate that remains dissolved).
Scale is one of the basic problems that exist in the technological
processes that deal with water (heating, cooling, chilling,
heat exchanging, evaporation, condensation, etc.). This
is the phenomena that harms equipment and installations
by the crystalline precipitates due to the loss of CO2 gas
from water when its temperature rises. These crystals above
all, composed of calcium and magnesium salts, form a thermal
isolator, which is very hard and difficult to remove since
calcite appears in a less hydrated form with hard surface
bonds. The scale problems mean only one thing: needless
consumption of energy for water heating (each millimeter
of scale represents 8-10% energy loss); imminent corrosion
deterioration due to scale-metal electrolysis, as well as
overheating of walls of the heating elements; clogging of
piping; money spent on cleaning chemicals; brushing; accompanying
down-time; or the polluted environment (water table). This
is why it is recommended to use the Hydro magnetic® system.
Magnetic Module
Ground water contains thousands of particles and micro elements
whose impurities give rise to the surrounding electron shells:
cations (+), anions (-). "Pure" water is a polar
liquid, i.e. part of the water molecule has a positive and
part of it has a negative, electrical charge; but, overall,
the net electrical charge is negative. Thus, the water molecule
being a small magnet (dipole), one may effect its magnetic
(or electric) field by causing the molecule to turn or rotate
in one direction or the other, taking on a positive or negative
higher potential, depending on whether the S (South, positive)
or N (North, negative) outside magnetic field had been applied.
It has been firmly established in the world scientific theatre
that the Positive, expanding, field influence of the South
Pole makes liquids more soluble (lowering surface tension);
thereby hydrating, dissolving, and removing calcite and
other mineral/various water by-product build-up in pipes
and equipment. The Positive field hydrates all mineral build-up
by de-clustering the liquid and solid pre- and post nucleated
crystalline scale material. Under the same magnetic molecular
dynamics, the Positive Pole also de-clusters paraffin build-up
in oil well or transmission lines. Such an S-pole-induced
change in electron particles, when the electron shells change
their potential. Orientation affects the aggregation and
crystallization of a water molecule causing increased hydration
(water saturation), solubility and selective ionization,
thus changing fluid physically, structurally, and behaviorally.
The mobility of ions in water solution is considerably increased.
This creates a more solvent fluid flow (which e.g. impregnates
the membranes of filters more efficiently), increased flocculation,
i.e. greater particle size (causing higher filtration efficiency)
or the electromotive force of the softener's solution raised
to 99.9 percent efficiency. The negative contracting field
influence of the North Pole has a diametrically opposite
effect on fluids. It clusters (and hardens) minerals and
paraffin and increases surface tension. It is used in precipitation
and separation (e.g. sewage treatment). Applying the Hydro
magnetic system's extremely strong and focused magnetic
field, the natural process that occurs underground in soil
is imitated due to magnetic polarization of all these particles,
when the electron shells change their potential. The random
configuration of a water molecule is changed to a charged
and organized form with their shape & size also modified.
In the process, the associations clustering around the suspended
particles are broken up as the molecule line up in polarization.
The fluid's paramagnetic properties allow for more dissolved
material to be contained in it due to increased efficiency
of the fluid's available space. It appears that the magnetic
treatment allows the carbon dioxide (CO2) to stay dissolved
in water of a higher temperature. Calcium carbonate is converted
back to calcium bicarbonate. With the increased solubility
of CO2, pH is lowered, which also accelerates the de-scaling,
the end product of which is aragonite – a soft hydrated
form of calcite crystal obtained through its increased hydration.
It is now maintained in a "colloidal" suspension
(microscopic solution) ready to be mechanically flushed
from the attached surface and not placing itself on the
pipes or hot water heater; instead, its beneficial effect
staying in drinking water. This, "aragonite soup"
can become rather thick as our past experience has indicated
The polarized cautions, such as calcium and magnesium, associate
(micro) electrically in a water solution with other complementary
particles (anions) in the form of ionic conglomerates and
continue their way with the water flow. That the magnetic
field amplifies the potential in water (electromotive force)
making it greater than that of the plumbing (thus the minerals
are re-attracted into water) and it maintains the "magnetic
memory effect", can be empirically proven by a simple
voltage test (use a more precise volt meter with the L.E.D.
readout, and not the gauge type one) of hard water by measuring
the millivolts (mV) before and after the "magnetic
module" installation on the cold water tap (or entrance
to home and farthest tap there from). It will show change
from approx. -.05mV to an approx. +1.0 mV. On the average
with the Hydro magnetic® system, there is an increase of
1.5 millivolts. Please note that other bi- or multi-polar
systems show no mV increase or very little. A report from
"Science News" (Sept. 6, 1980) by Ellingsen, John
Hopkins University, indicates the "memory effect"
was still available for days after treatment: With simple
mathematics, the workings of the magnetic module in water
can be proven thus: H20 ha a net negative charge, say: -300
mV, whereas iron pipe is electrically neutral, i.e. = 0,
thus 0 > -300, and it attracts the minerals contained
in flowing water, which starts building up scale. In this
example, say Ca = -350 mV and Mg = -400; thus 0 > -300
> -350 > -400. Upon installation of the magnetic module
with its very strong positive magnetic pole, say of +310
mV, the equation above s effected in a following manner:
H20 = -300 mV (before) + 310 mV (with the magnetic module)
= +10 mV; whereas Ca = -350 mV + 310 mV = -10mV and Mg =
-400 mV +310 mV = -60 mV. Finally, we get +10 > 0 >
- 10> -60, and this magnetic process can be thus proven
mathematically; whereas water having a strong electric charge
attracts minerals that do not precipitate anymore on the
pipe's walls. Due to the turbulence ("vibrational depolarization"),
the molecules of the passing fluid are exposed to these
conglomerates, maintain their magnetic memory effect or
de-clustered state, for approx. 50 meters from the Hydro
magnetic® system placement. At this distance the molecules
act on existent scale deposits, destabilizing their chemical
bonding, and transforming existing salts. This way also
the wall surfaces of the piping system and process equipment
are protected in a definite and permanent way against scale
deposits, acidity as well as the electrolytic corrosion.
On long piping the magnetic effect should be reinforced
(magnets placed) every 50 meters. Without changing the chemical
patterns of water, the magnetic module lowers its surface
tension, neutralize pH, and creates ability for oxygen to
better dissolve in water ("fuller oxygenation"),
and reverse the hard water condition to a soft water behavior.
Even though, from the chemical point of view, water is not
soft, since its chemical composition is not changed with
the magnetic module treatment; however, its physical properties
are changed.
Therefore, with the Hydro magnetic® system one doesn't have
to use softening chemicals anymore (or their use is considerably
reduced in heavy industrial applications), and still can
obtain all the benefits of soft water. There are no harmful
side effects, and water is proclaimed safe and healthy for
human consumption due to calcium and other minerals contained
in it (that are held in suspension). Being energized &
de-clustered, water becomes "wetter" and healthier;
being also oxygenated, is now contributing to better metabolism
of living organisms (human, animal, plants).
In general, the Hydro magnetic® system does not add anything
to water and takes out some contaminants i.e., the grains
of hardness do not change – some of the chemicals (i.e.
chlorine) that comes into the system – it will leave in
the system (The carbon media will absorb some of the chemicals
(see below for the properties of the Activated Carbon).
Without the magnetic module, if water enters the pipes,
say with 100 grams of calcium, it leaves them with say,
80 g. The calcium "left behind" forms the scale
(rock) on the pipe; therefore, less of it will leave with
water. With the "magnetic module", when e.g. 100
grams of calcium enter in water, then 100 grams of it will
leave with water. In terms of water softening, soft water
is defined in terms of the surface tension, greater solubility.
The tests conducted showed the hard water to possess a surface
tension of 71 dynes per square centimeter, however, when
the groups of water molecules were de-clustered by running
the fluid through the magnetic module field, the surface
tension dropped to 62 dynes per cm2 (Crippen Analytical
Laboratories). As indicated by the test and defined by science,
a properly focused strong magnetic field, as delivered by
the Hydro magnetic® system's technology, actually reverse
hard water behavior into the soft water one. And as Science
is the field of behavioral study, the Hydro magnetic® system
water conditioners make soft water from hard water and it
is accurate to state that it softens water.
Activated carbon (AC) in the Hydro magnetic® system, works
by attracting and adsorbing certain chemicals as water passes
through it. AC is a highly porous material; therefore, it
has an extremely high surface area for containment absorption.
The equivalent surface area of 1 pound of AC ranges from
60 to 150 acres. AC is made of tiny clusters of carbon atoms
stacked upon one another. The carbon source is a variety
of materials, such as peanut shells or coal. The raw carbon
source is slowly heated in the absence of air to produce
a high carbon material. Passing oxidizing gases through
the material at extremely high temperatures activates the
carbon. The activation process produces the pores that result
in such high adsorptive properties.
The Activated Carbon Filtration Process
The adsorption process depends on the following factors:
1) physical properties of the AC, such as pore size distribution
and surface area; 2) the chemical nature of the carbon source,
or the amount of oxygen and hydrogen associated with it;
3) chemical composition and concentration of the contaminant
; 4) the temperature and pH of the water; and 5) the flow
rate or time exposure of water to AC.
Physical Properties
Forces of physical attraction or adsorption of contaminants
to the pore walls is the most important AC filtration process.
The amount and distribution of pores play key roles in determining
how well contaminants are filtered. The best filtration
occurs when pores are barely large enough to admit the contaminant
molecule (Figure 1). Because contaminants come in all different
sizes, they are attracted differently depending on pore
size of the filter. In general AC filters are most effective
in removing contaminants that have relatively large molecules
(most organic chemicals). Type of raw carbon material and
its method of activation will affect types of contaminants
that are absorbed. This is largely due to the influence
that raw material and activation have on pore size and distribution.
Chemical Properties
Processes other than physical attraction also affect AC
filtration. The filter surface may actually interact chemically
with organic molecules. Also electrical forces between the
AC surface and some contaminants may result in adsorption
or ion exchange. Adsorption, then, is also affected by the
chemical nature of the adsorbing surface. The chemical properties
of the adsorbing surface are determined to a large extent
by the activation process. AC materials formed from different
activation processes will have chemical properties that
make them more or less attractive to various contaminants.
For example AC that has the least amount of oxygen associated
with the pore surfaces adsorbs chloroform best. The consumer
can't possibly determine the chemical nature of an AC filter.
However, this does point out the fact that different types
of AC filters will have varying levels of effectiveness
in treating different chemicals. The manufacturer should
be consulted to determine if their filter would adequately
treat the consumer's specific water problem.
Contaminant Properties
AC most effectively adsorbs large organic molecules. A general
rule of thumb is that similar materials tend to associate.
Organic molecules and activated carbon are similar materials;
therefore there is a stronger tendency for most organic
chemicals to associate with the activated carbon in the
filter rather than staying dissolved in a dissimilar material
like water. Generally, the least soluble organic molecules
are most strongly adsorbed. Often the similar organic molecules
are held the tightest, because they fit into the smaller
pores. Concentration of organic contaminants can affect
the adsorption process. A given AC filter may be more effective
than another type of AC filter at low contaminant concentrations,
but may be less effective than the other filter at high
concentrations. This type of behavior has been observed
with chloroform removal. The filter manufacturer should
be consulted to determine how the filter would perform for
specific chemicals at different levels of contamination.
Your water will taste better; it actually flows out of the
tap cleaner. Foul odors of chlorine, sulfur, hydrogen sulfide,
iron, etc. will be greatly reduced.
Water Temperature and pH
Adsorption usually increases as pH and temperature decreases.
Chemical reactions and forms of chemicals are closely related
to pH and temperature. When pH and temperature are lowered
many organic chemicals are in a more adsorbable form
Exposure Time
The process of adsorption is also influenced by the length
of time that the AC is in contact with the contaminant water.
Increasing contact time allows greater amounts of contaminant
to be removed from the water. Contact is improved by increasing
the amount of AC in the filter and reducing the flow rate
of water through the filter.
The Bacteria Issue
AC filters can be a breeding ground for microorganisms (see
below for bacteriostatic media). The organic chemicals that
are adsorbed to the AC are a source of food for various
types of bacteria. Pathogenic bacteria are those that cause
human diseases such as typhoid, cholera and dysentery. Public
water systems must treat for disease causing bacteria; therefore,
the likelihood of disease causing bacteria being introduced
to an AC filter from public drinking water is remote. AC
filtration should only be used on water that has been tested
and found to be bacteria free or effectively treated for
pathogenic bacteria.
Other types of non-pathogenic bacteria that do not cause
disease have been regularly found in AC filters. There are
times when high amounts of (non-pathogenic) that are found
in water filtered through an AC unit shows little risk to
healthy people that consume high amounts of non-pathogenic
bacteria. We regularly take in millions of bacteria every
day from other sources. However, there is some concern for
certain segments of the population, such as the very young
or old and people weakened by illness. Some types of non-pathogenic
bacteria can cause illness in those whose natural defenses
are weak. Flushing out bacteria that have built up in the
filter can be accomplished by running water through an AC
filter for about 10 to 20 minutes (also removes suspended
particles, and sediments that make the water cloudy), every
three to six days. Water filtered after the initial flushing
will have much lower levels of bacteria and ingestion of
a high concentration of bacteria will have been avoided.
The flushing procedure is most important between midnight
and the early morning or any other time of the day when
the filter has not been used for several hours.
Bacteriostatic Media
KDF® process media [Redox (Oxidation-Reduction)]
used on the Hydro magnetic® system contains a high-purity
copper-zinc formulation ingredient for the purpose of inhibiting
the growth of microorganisms. We can explain Redox like
this: KDF Fluid Treatment's unique combination of copper
and zinc creates an electro-chemical reaction. During this
reaction, electrons are transferred between molecules, and
new elements are created. Some harmful contaminants are
changed into harmless components. Free chlorine, for instance,
is changed into benign, water-soluble chloride, which is
then carried harmlessly through the water supply. KDF process
media are high-purity copper-zinc granules used in a number
of pretreatment, primary treatment, and wastewater treatment
applications. KDF media supplement or replace existing technologies
to dramatically extend life of the system, control heavy
metals and microorganisms; lower total cost, and decrease
maintenance. KDF process media work to reduce or remove
chlorine, iron, hydrogen sulfide, lead, mercury, calcium
carbonate, magnesium, chromium, bacteria, algae, and fungi.
KDF process media controls microorganisms in two ways. The
first is a by-product of Redox; the exchange of electrons
sets up an electrolytic field in which most microorganisms
can't survive. Second, the oxidation/reduction potential
(ORP) shift by a factor of -300 mV or more for water filtered
through Redox media controls microorganism growth. Treating
water reduces bacteria and other microorganisms by disrupting
electron transport, causing cellular damage. KDF process
media also kill bacteria and other microorganisms by disrupting
electron transport, causing cellular damage. KDF process
media also kill bacteria by direct electrochemical contact
and by the flash formation of hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen
peroxide, both of which interfere with a microorganism's
ability to function.
KDF process media are completely safe. KDF media meet EPA
and Food and Drug Administration standards for levels of
zinc and copper in potable water, so the process is not
toxic and does not cause any adverse side effects.
